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Adaptive tissue: paraffin section

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Immune complexes can activate the complement system through the classical pathway and the alternative pathway, leading to allergic reactions and causing damage to glomerular tissue. In glomerular diseases, complement is primarily activated through the alternative pathway, with a small portion activated through the classical pathway. Commonly used complement antibodies in kidney biopsies include C3, C4, and C1q. C4 is isolated from human serum and can react with human C4c and native C4 complement, but not with C4d. It is primarily used for detecting the types of immune complexes in glomerulonephritis, aiding in the classification of the condition.

Complement C4c antibody reagents can specifically bind to the complement C4c molecular antigen. Immunohistochemistry kits containing complement C4c antibody reagents are suitable for the auxiliary diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus/SLE) and glomerulonephritis.